Top-down and bottom-up control of litter decomposers in streams

Top-down control and bottom-up priming

The present study explored the mechanisms involved in the contingent capture phenomenon using a variant of the classic precueing paradigm of Folk et al. (1992). Rather than keeping the target fixed over a whole block of trials (as traditionally done with contingent capture experiments), we encouraged participants to adopt a top-down set before each trial. If top-down attentional set determines ...

Bottom-up, top-down

Event-Related Potentials of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing of Emotional Faces

Introduction: Emotional stimulus is processed automatically in a bottom-up way or can be processed voluntarily in a top-down way. Imaging studies have indicated that bottom-up and top-down processing are mediated through different neural systems. However, temporal differentiation of top-down versus bottom-up processing of facial emotional expressions has remained to be clarified. The present st...

Bottom-up and top-down control in visual search.

Previous research suggests that the allocation of attention is largely controlled either in a stimulus-driven or in a goal-driven manner. To date, few studies have systematically manipulated variables affecting stimulus-driven and goal-driven selection independently in order to investigate how both manners of control interrelate and affect performance in visual search. In the present study obse...

Bottom-Up Beats Top-Down

In PEPA, the calculation of the transitions enabled by a process accounts for a large part of the time for the state space exploration of the underlying Markov chain. Unlike other approaches based on recursion, we present a new technique that is iterative—it traverses the process’ binary tree from the sequential components at the leaves up to the root. Empirical results shows that this algorith...